DNA yog dab tsi?

DNA Structure thiab Shape

DNA, tseem hu ua deoxyribonucleic acid yog ib tug molecule, uas yog ib pawg ntawm atoms daig ua ke. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm DNA, cov atoms yog ua ke los tsim cov duab ntawm ib tug ntev spiraling ntaiv. Peb tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm no kom paub meej txog qhov zoo ntawm DNA.

Yog tias koj tau kawm txog biology, tej zaum koj yuav hnov ​​​​tias DNA ua raws li daim ntawv qhia lossis daim ntawv qhia rau cov khoom muaj sia. Yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yuav ua tau ib tug mere molecule raws li ib tug blueprint rau tej yam complex thiab zoo kawg nkaus li ntoo, aub thiab tib neeg beings? Uas yog tiag tiag amazing.

DNA yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua li phau ntawv yuav ua li cas koj tau siv. Daim ntawv qhia tag nrho yog sau rau hauv code. Yog tias koj saib cov qauv tshuaj ntawm DNA ze, nws yuav pom plaub lub tsev loj. Peb hu cov nitrogenous hauv paus: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), thiab Cytosine (C). DNA kuj suav nrog cov suab thaj thiab phosphate pawg (ua los ntawm phosphorus thiab oxygen). Cov no ua rau phosphate-deoxyribose qaum.

Yog tias koj xav txog cov qauv ntawm DNA raws li tus ntaiv, cov rungs ntawm tus ntaiv yog tsim los ntawm cov hauv paus nitrogenous. Cov hauv paus no ua ke los ua txhua kauj ruam ntawm tus ntaiv. Lawv kuj tsuas yog ua ke hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb. (A) ib txwm ua khub nrog (T) thiab (G) ib txwm ua nrog (C). Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum nws yog lub sijhawm los luam tag nrho lossis ib feem ntawm DNA.

Yog li, los teb cov lus nug, DNA yog dab tsi? DNA yog ib daim ntawv qhia molecular rau cov khoom muaj sia. DNA tsim RNA, thiab RNA tsim cov protein, thiab cov proteins mus rau lub neej. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no yog qhov nyuaj, sophisticated thiab tej yam yees siv thiab nws yog kiag li nyob rau hauv chemistry uas yuav kawm tau thiab to taub.

Yuav cais DNA Fragment li cas?

Raws li peb tau hais tias DNA tuaj yeem kawm thiab nkag siab, tab sis peb yuav ua li cas? Cov kws tshawb fawb kawm thiab tshawb fawb thiab tshawb nrhiav lawv. Tib neeg siv gel electrophoresis cais DNA rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv. Gel electrophoresis yog ib qho txheej txheem siv los cais cov kab DNA (lossis lwm yam macromolecules, xws li RNA thiab cov proteins) raws li lawv qhov loj thiab nqi. Electrophoresis cuam tshuam nrog kev khiav dej num los ntawm cov gel uas muaj cov molecules txaus siab. Raws li lawv qhov loj me thiab nqi, cov molecules yuav taug kev los ntawm cov gel nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv los yog ntawm qhov sib txawv ceev, cia lawv sib cais los ntawm ib leeg. Siv electrophoresis, peb tuaj yeem pom muaj pes tsawg DNA sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab loj npaum li cas lawv txheeb ze rau ib leeg.

Yog tias koj xav ua cov gel electrophoresis, ua ntej koj xav tau cov khoom siv sib txuas, electrophoresis cell (tank / chamber) thiab nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog kab rov tav electrophoresis cell (tank/chamber) tus qauvDYCP-31DNthiab lub zog muab cov qauvDYY-6Dlos ntawm Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd rau DNA gel electrophoresis.

Gel electrophoresis suav nrog gel, uas yog cov khoom zoo li Jello. Gels rau DNA sib cais feem ntau yog siv agarose, uas tuaj raws li qhuav, hmoov flakes. Thaum lub agarose yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis (dej nrog ib co ntsev nyob rau hauv nws) thiab tso cai rau txias, nws yuav tsim ib tug khoom, me ntsis squishy gel. Nyob rau theem molecular, cov gel yog ib tug matrix ntawm agarose molecules uas tau tuav ua ke los ntawm hydrogen bonds thiab tsim me me pores.

Duab los ntawm Khan Academy

Tom qab npaj cov gel, muab cov gel tso rau hauv electrophoresis cell lub tank lub cev, thiab ncuav tsis muaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub buffer tank kom txog thaum tau immersed lub gel. Tom qab ntawd DNA cov qauv raug thauj mus rau hauv qhov dej (indentations) ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm ib lub gel, thiab cov hluav taws xob tam sim no yog siv los rub lawv los ntawm cov gel. DNA fragments raug them tsis zoo, yog li lawv txav mus rau qhov zoo electrode. Vim hais tias tag nrho cov DNA seem muaj tib qhov nqi ntawm ib pawg, cov khoom me me txav mus los ntawm cov gel sai dua cov loj. Tom qab khiav gel electrophoresis, DNA tawg tau raug cais; thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov gel thiab pom qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm cov bands pom ntawm nws. Thaum lub gel yog stained nrog DNA-binding dye thiab muab tso rau hauv UV teeb, cov DNA tawg yuav ci, cia peb pom DNA tam sim no ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv raws qhov ntev ntawm cov gel.

Tsuas yog electrophoresis hlwb (tank / chambers) thiab cov khoom siv fais fab, Beijing Liuyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd kuj muab UV transilluminator, uas tuaj yeem soj ntsuam thiab thaij duab rau cov protein thiab DNA electrophoresis gel. Tus qauvWD-9403Byog ib qho khoom siv UV transilluminator rau kev soj ntsuam DNA electrophoresis gel. Tus qauvWD-9403 Ftuaj yeem soj ntsuam, thaij duab rau cov protein thiab DNA gel.